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Center for Life Ethics
Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 7
D-53113 Bonn

 

+49 228 73 66100

 

lifeethics@uni-bonn.de

AI and Education

Dr.
Christian M. Stracke

Biography

Christian M. Stracke developed in more than 20 years interdisciplinary expertise and competences in digital education and research as well as in global leadership as coordinator of 100+ international large-scale projects (budgets exceeding 55 million euros) and research institutes and teams (up to 200+ researchers). He published more than 200 scientific publications and provided more than 100 invited keynotes worldwide. He consults many educational institutions, international ministries and global organisations including UNESCO, Council of Europe, European Commission and Parliament. He co-founded the UNESCO Unitwin Network on Open Education (UNOE), the German Network as well as the European Network on Ethical Use of AI and the European Institute for Learning, Innovation & Cooperation (eLC). He is member of the AI&ED Expert Group appointed by the Council of Europe developing the international laws for AI use in education and for AI literacy. Appointed as ICDE Chair in OER and Associate Professor (lifetime position) at the Open University of the Netherlands, he coordinates ethical research on Education with AI (AIED) and Education about AI (AI Literacy) at the Center for Life Ethics (CLE) now. He holds a PhD in Economics and Informatics (Dr. rer. pol.) and a Magister Artium (M. A.) in Educational Sciences.

 

Google Scholar Profile

 

ORCID Profile
 

Contact

christian.stracke@uni-bonn.de

Location

Center for Life Ethics

Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 7

53113 Bonn

Website Opening-up Education

Vita

Academic Background

2018

National Authorisation for Dutch Higher Education (Certificate), Open University of the Netherlands

 

2014

PhD (Dr. rer. pol.) in Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Informatics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

 

2000

Magister Artium (M. A.) in Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany

 

2000

Study Program German as Foreign Language (Certificate), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany

Professional Career

Seit 2026

Project Coordinator for Ethical AI&ED Research at the Center for Life Ethics, University of Bonn, Germany

 

Seit 2024

University-wide Coordinator Cloud Strategy and AI&ED Research, University of Bonn, Germany

 

Seit 2023

Founder and Editor of the UNESCO UniTwin Network on Open Education (UNOE):

https://unitwin-unoe.org/

 

Seit 2023

Founder and Coordinator of the European Network on "Ethical Use of AI": https://ethicalai.ecompetence.eu/

 

Seit 2023

Founder and Coordinator of the German Network on "Ethical Use of AI": https://ethischeki.ecompetence.eu/

 

Seit 2013

Advisory Professor (lifetime appointment) and Lecturer, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China

 

Seit 2008

Adjunct Professor (annual re-appointment) and Lecturer, Korean National Open University, Seoul, Korea

 

Seit 2004

Founder and Director of the European Institute for Learning, Innovation and Cooperation (eLC), Bonn, Germany: https://elc-institute.org/

 

2021–2024

University-wide Coordinator & Team Leader Virtual Collaboration, University of Bonn, Germany

 

2015–2021

ICDE Chair in OER and Associate Professor for Open Education (lifetime appointment), Open University of the Netherlands

 

2014–2018

Elected Chair of ISO Standardization Committee PC 288 for Educational Quality, International Standardization Organization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland

 

2006–2017

Elected Convener of ISO Standardization Committee SC36 WG5 for E-Learning Quality, International Standardization Organization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland

 

2010–2015

Elected Chair of CEN Standardization Committee TC 353 for Technology-Enhanced Learning, European Standardization Organization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium

 

2010–2015

Lecturer for e-Education, Danube University of Krems, Austria

 

2004–2015

International E-Learning Coordinator and Managing Director of the Research Institute on Technology-Enhanced Learning (TELIT), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

 

2004–2012

Co-Founder and Elected Board Member of the German E-Learning Association (D-ELAN e.V.), Essen, Germany

 

2007–2009

Co-Founder and Director of the German e-Learning Certification Body (DelZert GbR), Wöllstadt, Germany

 

2003–2004

International Consultant & Team Leader for Digital Learning & Media, PRO Management GmbH, Essen, Germany

 

2002–2003

International Consultant & Team Leader for E-Learning, wissma Training & Consulting GmbH, Bonn

 

2002

International Coordinator E-Learning Design at Faculty of Informatics, FernUniversität Hagen, Germany

 

2001

International Coordinator, Project & Team Leader  for E-Learning, Interactive World GmbH, Hagen, Germany

 

2000–2001

Media Theory Researcher & Team Leader at Institute for Educational Sciences, University of Bonn, Germany

 

2000–2001

IT Lecturer Object-Oriented Programming (C++), TÜV-Akademie Rheinland, Bonn, Germany

Publications (Selection)

Journal Articles

  • Stracke CM. Education is a special sector: Why we need ethical regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Education (AI&ED) and how we benefit from it. AI Ethics 6, 309 (2026).doi: doi.org/10.1007/s43681-026-01092-5
  • Stracke, C. M., Nahar, N., Punzo, V., Massaro, S., Pappa, D., Di Grassi, A., Bećirović, S., Hollins, P., Ziouvelou, X., Skenduli, M. P., & Burgos, D. (2025). Artificial Intelligence Policies for Higher Education: Manifesto for Critical Considerations and a Roadmap. MAP Education and Humanities, 6, 61-73. doi.org/10.53880/2744-2373.2025.6.61
  • Stracke, C. M., Griffiths, D., Pappa, D., Bećirović, S., Polz, E., Perla, L., Di Grassi, A., Massaro, S., Skenduli, M. P., Burgos, D., Punzo, V., Amram, D., Ziouvelou, X., Katsamori, D., Gabriel, S., Nahar, N., Schleiss, J., & Hollins, P. (2025). Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Policies for Higher Education in Europe. International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence, 9(2), 124-137. doi.org/10.9781/ijimai.2025.02.011
  • Stracke, C. M., Bothe, P., Adler, S., Heller, E. S., Deuchler, J., Pomino, J., & Wölfel, M. (2025). Immersive Virtual Reality in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Scientific Literature. Virtual Reality, 29, 64. doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01136-x
  • Xiao, J., Bozkurt, A., Nichols, M., Pazurek, A., Stracke, C. M., Bai, J. Y. H., …, & Themeli, C. (2025). Venturing into the Unknown: Critical Insights into Grey Areas and Pioneering Future Directions in Educational Generative AI Research. TechTrends (2025). doi.org/10.1007/s11528-025-01060-6
  • Stracke, C. M., Havinga, B., Holmes, W., & Salaj, R. (2025). Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Education: The Need for International Regulation to Foster Human Rights, Democracy and Equity. Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED 2025). Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2592 (pp. 284–291). doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-99267-4_37
  • Stracke, C. M., Bohr, B., Gabriel, S., Hofmann, M., Kahlert, G. A., Mersmann-Hoffmann, H., Mönig, J. M., Opel, S., Rischke-Neß, J., & Schröppel, M. (2025). Was ist Künstliche Intelligenz (KI)? Wie kann ich KI ethisch im Studium nutzen? (Version 1.0). Hg. v. Netzwerk „Ethische Nutzung von KI“. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15880726
  • Detert, K., Overath, J., Prechter, S., & Stracke, C. M. (2025): Künstliche Intelligenz in der Schule: Verantwortung beginnt jetzt. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15792076
  • Stracke, C. M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Education: Ethical Questions and Guidelines for Their Relations Based on Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. In D. Burgos et al. (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education (pp. 97-107). doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7
  • Tlili, A., Adarkwah, M. A., Lo, C. K., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D. Bonk, C. J., Costello, E., Mishra, S., Stracke, C. M., & Huang, R. (2024). Taming the Monster: How can Open Education Promote the Effective and Safe Use of Generative AI in Education? Journal of Learning for Development, 11(3), 398-413. doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v11i3.1657
  • Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., & Holmes, W. (2024). Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical Artificial Intelligence and education. Artificial Intelligence in Education. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2150, 254–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64315-6_21 (pre-print: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11518072)
  • Stracke, C. M., Bohr, B., Gabriel, S., Galla, N., Hofmann, M., Karolyi, H., Mersmann-Hoffmann, H., Mönig, J. M., Mundorf, M., Opel, S., Rischke-Neß, J., Schröppel, M., Silvestri, A., & Stroot, G. (2024). Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Higher Education – a Handout (Version 1.1). Edited by the German Network “Ethische Nutzung von KI” (Ethical Use of AI). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669
  • Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., Dimitrova, V., Havinga, B., & Holmes, W. (2024). Ethical AI and Education: The need for international regulation to foster human rights, democracy and the rule of law. Artificial Intelligence in Education. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 2151, 439–445. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-64312-5_55 (pre-print: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12659055)
  • Stracke, C. M., Bohr, B., Gabriel, S., Galla, N., Hofmann, M., Karolyi, H., Mersmann-Hoffmann, H., Mönig, J. M., Mundorf, M., Opel, S., Rischke-Neß, J., Schröppel, M., Silvestri, A., & Stroot, G. (2024). What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How can I use AI ethically at university? (Version 1.0). Edited by the German Network “Ethische Nutzung von KI” (Ethical Use of AI). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995670
  • Stracke, C. M., Bohr, B., Gabriel, S., Galla, N., Hofmann, M., Karolyi, H., Mersmann-Hoffmann, H., Mönig, J. M., Mundorf, M., Opel, S., Rischke-Neß, J., Schröppel, M., Silvestri, A., & Stroot, G. (2024). Was ist Künstliche Intelligenz (KI)? Wie kann ich KI ethisch in der Hochschule nutzen? (Version 1.0). Hrsg. v. Netzwerk “Ethische Nutzung von KI”. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10793845
  • Jacobs, H. C., & Stracke, C. M. (2024). Virtual Reality und digitale Zusammenarbeit für die Lehre in der Kunstgeschichte – ein Erfahrungsbericht am Beispiel der Doppelkapelle zu Bonn-Schwarzrheindorf. digiTRiP – digital Teaching, Research in Practic, 2683. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13677491
  • Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., Holmes, W., Tlili, A., & Bozkurt, A. (2023). A standardised PRISMA-based protocol for systematic reviews of the scientific literature on Artificial Intelligence and education (AI&ED). Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2), 64-70. doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.38
  • Huang, R., Tlili, A., Xu, L., Chen, Y., Zheng, L., Saleh Metwally, A. H., Da, T., Chang, T., Wang, H., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Sampson, D., & Bonk, C. J. (2023). Educational futures of intelligent synergies between humans, digital twins, avatars, and robots – the iSTAR framework. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(2), 28-43. doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.2.33
  • Bozkurt, A., Xiao, J., Lambert, S., Pazurek, A., Crompton, H., Koseoglu, S., Farrow, R., Bond, M., Nerantzi, C., Honeychurch, S., Bali, M., Dron, J., Mir, K., Stewart, B., Costello, E., Mason, J., Stracke, C. M., Romero-Hall, E., Koutropoulos, A., Toquero, C. M., Singh, L., Tlili, A., Lee, K., Nichols, M., Ossiannilsson, E., Brown, M., Irvine, V., Raffaghelli, J. E., Santos-Hermosa, G., Farrell, O., Adam, T., Li Thong, Y., Sani-Bozkurt, S., Sharma, R. C., Hrastinski, S., & Jandrić, P. (2023). Speculative Futures on ChatGPT and Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Collective Reflection from the Educational Landscape. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 53-130. www.asianjde.com/ojs/index.php/AsianJDE/article/view/709/394
  • Bozkurt, A., Gjelsvik, T., Adam, T., Asino, T. I., Atenas, J., Bali, M., Blomgren, C., Bond, M., Bonk, C. J., Brown, M., Burgos, D., Conrad, D., Costello, E., Cronin, C., Czerniewicz, L., Deepwell, M., Deimann, M., DeWaard, H. J., Dousay, T. A., Ebner, M., Farrow, R., Gil-Jaurena, I., Havemann, L., Inamorato, A., Irvine, V., Karunanayaka, S. P., Kerres, M., Lambert, S., Lee, K., Makoe, M., Marín, V. I., Mikroyannidis, A., Mishra, S., Naidu, S., Nascimbeni, F., Nichols, M., Olcott. Jr., D., Ossiannilsson, E., Otto, D., Padilla Rodriguez, B. C., Paskevicius, M., Roberts, V., Saleem, T., Schuwer, R., Sharma, R. C., Stewart, B., Stracke, C. M., Tait, A., Tlili, A., Ubachs, G., Weidlich, J., Weller, M., Xiao, J., & Zawacki Richter, O. (2023). Openness in Education as a Praxis: From Individual Testimonials to Collective Voices. Open Praxis, 15(2), pp. 76–112. doi.org/10.55982/openpraxis.15.2.574
  • Holmes, W., Stracke, C. M., Chounta, I.-A., Allen, D., Baten, D., Dimitrova, V., Havinga, B., Norrmen-Smith, J., & Wasson, B. (2023). AI and Education. A View Through the Lens of Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. Legal and Organizational Requirements. In: N. Wang, G. Rebolledo-Mendez, V. Dimitrova, N. Matsuda, & O. C. Santos (Eds.), Artificial Intelligence in Education. AIED 2023. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1831. (pp. 79-84). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36336-8_12
  • Stracke, C. M., Bozkurt, A., McGreal, R., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2022). Open Educational Resources and their global needs, benefits and practices: The call for a future research agenda. IEEE Bulletin of the Technical Committee on Learning Technology (accepted, in print). tc.computer.org/tclt/10-1109-proofread-2022-03007
  • Tlili, A., Burgos, D., Stracke, C. M., Mason, J., Denden, M., Altinay, F., & Nascimbeni, F. (2022). Impact of personality on educator attitudes towards open educational resources. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(4), 444–465. doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2022.14.023
  • Stracke, C. M., Sharma, R. C., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Santos-Hermosa, G., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 on formal education: An international review on practices and potentials of Open Education at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 23(4), 1-18. doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i4.6120
  • Stracke, C. M., Burgos, D., Santos-Hermosa, G., Bozkurt, A., Sharma, R. C., Swiatek, C., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Shon, J. G., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Farrow, R., Karakaya, Ö., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Conole, G., Cox, G., & Truong, V. (2022). Responding to the initial challenge of COVID-19 pandemic: Analysis of international responses and impact in school and higher education. Sustainability, 14(3), 1876. doi.org/10.3390/su14031876
  • Truong, V., Denison, T., & Stracke, C. M. (2021). Developing institutional Open Educational Resource repositories in Vietnam: Opportunities and challenges. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 22(4), 109-124. doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v23i1.5582
  • Agrati, L. S., Burgos, D., Ducange, P., Limone, P., Pecori, R., Perla, L., Picerno, P., Raviolo, P., & Stracke, C. M. (2021). Bridges and Mediation in Higher Distance Education: HELMeTO 2020 Report. Educational Sciences, 11, 334. doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070334
  • Holubinka, K., Stracke, C. M., Forsman, P., & Juutinen, S. (2021). Virtual Internationalization in Higher Education: Design Reflections and Lessons Learned. Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung (ZfHE), 16(2), 43-56. doi.org/10.3217/zfhe-16-02/03
  • Stracke, C. M. & Skuballa, I. (2021). Using, analysing and evaluating eye-tracking at different educational levels: Towards an evaluation framework for impact assessment. TEM JOURNAL – Technology, Education, Management, Informatics, 10(2), 483-487. doi.org/10.18421/TEM102-01
  • Stracke, C. M. & Trisolini, G. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review on the Quality of MOOCs. Sustainability, 13(11), 5817. doi.org/10.3390/su13115817

Book Contributions

  • Stracke, C. M., & Holmes, W. (2026). Ethical AI and Education. International Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence in Education. (accepted, in print)
  • Stracke, C. M., & Holmes, W. (2026). AI Literacy and Competences. International Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence in Education. (accepted, in print)
  • Rodrigo, M. M. T., Bittencourt, I. I., & Stracke, C. M. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in Education for Development (AIED4D). International Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence in Education. (accepted, in print)
  • Stracke, C. M., (2026). Artificial Intelligence and Education (AI&ED). In A. Manzeschke & T. Wittenberg (eds.), Ethical Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (pp. 145-158). De Gruyter. doi.org/10.1515/9783111586458-011
  • Stracke, C. M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Education: Ethical Questions and Guidelines for Their Relations Based on Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. In D. Burgos et al. (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education (pp. 97-107). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_7
  • Burgos, D., Branch, J. W., Tlili, A., Stracke, C. M., & de la Higuera, C. (2024). Artificial Intelligence, Digital Transformation, and Education as a Combined Contribution to Society. In D. Burgos et al. (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education (pp. 3-13). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1_1
  • Stracke, C. M., Bozkurt, A., & Burgos, D. (2023). The Typologies of (Open) Online Courses and their Dimensions, Characteristics and Relationships with Distributed Learning Ecosystems, Open Educational Resources and Massive Open Online Courses. In M. Kerres, D. Otto & O. Zawacki-Richter (Eds.), Distributed Learning Ecosystems: Repositories, Resources and Practices. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_5
  • Bozkurt, A., & Stracke, C. M. (2023). The shift toward openness in education and the implications for learning ecosystems and ecologies. In M. Kerres, D. Otto & O. Zawacki-Richter (Eds.), Distributed Learning Ecosystems: Repositories, Resources and Practices. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38703-7_3
  • Stracke, C. M., Burgos, D., & Tlili, A. (2023). Instructional Quality and Learning Design of Massive Open Online Courses. In O. Zawacki-Richter & I. Jung (Eds.), Handbook of Open, Distance, and Digital Education. doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_95
     

Editorships

  • Burgos, D., Branch, J. W., Tlili, A., Huang, R., Jemni, M., Stracke, C. M., … , & Berrada, K. (2024) (Eds.), Radical Solutions for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Transformation in Education. Utilising Disruptive Technology for a Better Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8638-1

Other Publications

  • Gabriel, S., Mönig, J. M., Opel, S., Stracke, C. M., & Amasreiter, P. (2025). Ethische Nutzung von KI an Hochschulen durch Lehrende – Ein Konzept. In Tagungsband 11. Fachtagung Hochschuldidaktik Informatik (HDI 2025), 73-82. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17200653
  • Stracke, C. M., Bohr, B., Gabriel, S., Galla, N., Hofmann, M., Karolyi, H., Mersmann-Hoffmann, H., Mönig, J. M., Mundorf, M., Opel, S., Rischke-Neß, J., Schröppel, M., Silvestri, A., & Stroot, G. (2024). Ethical Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Higher Education – a Handout (Version 1.1). Edited by the German Network “Ethische Nutzung von KI” (Ethical Use of AI). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10995669
  • Dittrich, D., Spanke, E., Alkenings, B., Bargsten, N., Bei der Kellen, D., Beining, B., Bohr, I., Ebert, A., Fritz, N., Fötinger, C., Gerland, J., von der Hagen, P., Heckel, M., Kirchner, G., Kopp, N., Meyer, C., Michels, T., Schultz, C., Schuster, T., Seidel, J., Stracke, C. M., von Suchodoletz, D., & Weiland, G. (2024). Cloud Management. Veränderungen in Verwaltungs- und Bereitstellungsprozessen. Hrsg. v. ZKI Kommission Cloud. www.zki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Cloud_Management-Aenderung-in-Verwaltung-und-Bereitstellung.pdf
  • Stracke, C. M. (2023). Richtlinien für vertrauenswürdige und ethische Nutzung von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Bildung. In: T. Lienhardt et al. (Eds.), Workshops der 21. Fachtagung Bildungstechnologien (DELFI). Ethik in den Bildungstechnologien (pp. 199-206). doi.org/10.18420/wsdelfi2023-60
  • Stracke, C. M., Bozkurt, A., Burgos, D., Mason, J., Ossiannilsson, E., Sharma, R. C., Wan, M., Agbu, J.-F., Cangialosi, K., Conole, G., Cox, G., Nascimbeni, F., Nerantzi, C., Ramírez Montoya, M. S., Sgouropoulou, C., Shon, J. G., Boulet, P., Inamorato dos Santos, A., Downes, S., Farrow, R., Proudman, V., Varoglu, Z., Weller, M., Xiao, J., Santos-Hermosa, G., Karakaya, Ö., Truong, V., & Swiatek, C. (2021). Global study on Open Education and Open Science: Practices, use cases and potentials during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Open Education Global Conference 2021 (OE Global 2021, online). Université de Nantes, France. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5546182
  • Holubinka, K., Stracke, C. M., Forsman, P., & Brouns, F. (2021). Academic Virtual Mobility Design: Synchronous interaction and collaboration in international teams [Paper presentation]. 19th International Biennial Conference EARLI 2021, online. doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6259567

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